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When "too big to fail" failed anyway

The Biggest Corporate Bankruptcies in History

The collapses so large they rewrote bankruptcy law and wiped out entire retirement funds.

  1. 1

    Lehman Brothers Holdings

    Still the largest Chapter 11 filing in US history.

    $639B

    filed Sept 2008

  2. 2

    Washington Mutual

    The largest bank failure in US history.

    $327.9B

    filed Sept 2008

  3. 3

    WorldCom

    Followed roughly $11B in accounting fraud.

    $103.9B

    filed July 2002

  4. 4

    General Motors

    $91B

    filed June 2009

  5. 5

    CIT Group

    $80.4B

    filed Nov 2009

  6. 6

    PG&E Corp

    $51.7B of its liabilities came from California wildfire damages.

    $71.4B

    filed Jan 2019

  7. 7

    Enron

    $65.5B

    filed Dec 2001

  8. 8

    Conseco

    $61.4B

    filed Dec 2002

Lehman’s asset figure is sometimes cited as high as $691B in secondary sources — $639B (from its own SEC filing roughly three months before collapse) is the more consistently corroborated number.

Sources

  • SECLehman Brothers 10-Q filing (May 2008)
  • Visual Capitalist20 Biggest Bankruptcies in US History (2024)

Last updated August 2026

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