Capital Gains
The profit from selling an asset for more than you paid for it.
A capital gain is the difference between an asset's sale price and its purchase price (its "cost basis"). Gains are usually taxed differently depending on how long the asset was held — short-term (held a year or less) versus long-term (held longer) — with each country's tax system setting its own rates and rules for the distinction.
Worked Example
Buying shares for $8,000 and selling them for $11,000 a year and a half later produces a $3,000 capital gain, taxed at whatever long-term rate applies where you live.
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